Definition: Threats from farming and ranching as a result of agricultural expansion and intensification, including silviculture, mariculture and aquaculture
Exposition: Threats resulting from the use of agrochemicals, rather than the direct conversion of land to agricultural use, should be included under 9.3 Agricultural & Forestry Effluents.
2.1 Annual & Perennial Non-Timber Crops
Definition: Crops planted for food, fodder, fiber, fuel, or other uses
Examples:
wheat farms
sugar cane plantations
rice paddies
hillside rice production
household swidden plots
banana or pineapple plantations
mango or apple orchards
olive or date groves
vineyards
oil palm plantations
tea or coffee plantations
mixed agroforestry systems
coca plantations
2.2 Wood & Pulp Plantations
Definition: Stands of trees planted for timber or fiber outside of natural forests, often with non-native species
Exposition: If it is one or a couple timber species that are planted on a rotation cycle, it belongs here. If it is multiple species or enrichment plantings in a quasi-natural system, it belongs in 5.3 Logging & Wood Harvesting.
Examples:
teak or eucalyptus plantations
loblolly pine silviculture
Christmas tree farms
2.3 Livestock Farming & Ranching
Definition: Domestic terrestrial animals raised in one location on farmed or non-local resources (farming); also domestic or semi-domesticated animals allowed to roam in the wild and supported by natural habitats (ranching)
Exposition: In farming, animals are kept in captivity; in ranching they are allowed to roam in wild habitats. If a few animals are mixed in a subsistence cropping system, it belong in 2.1 Annual & Perennial Non-Timber Crops. Forage of wild resources for stall-fed animals falls under 5.2 Gathering Terrestrial Plants.
Examples:
cattle feed lots
chicken farms
dairy farms
cattle ranching
goat, camel, or yak herding
2.4 Marine & Freshwater Aquaculture
Definition: Aquatic animals raised in one location on farmed or non-local resources; also hatchery fish allowed to roam in the wild
Exposition: Farmed animals are kept in captivity; hatchery fish are put into wild habitats and are the aquatic equivalent of terrestrial ranching.
2 Agriculture & Aquaculture
Definition: Threats from farming and ranching as a result of agricultural expansion and intensification, including silviculture, mariculture and aquaculture
Exposition: Threats resulting from the use of agrochemicals, rather than the direct conversion of land to agricultural use, should be included under 9.3 Agricultural & Forestry Effluents.
2.1 Annual & Perennial Non-Timber Crops
Definition: Crops planted for food, fodder, fiber, fuel, or other uses
Examples:
2.2 Wood & Pulp Plantations
Definition: Stands of trees planted for timber or fiber outside of natural forests, often with non-native species
Exposition: If it is one or a couple timber species that are planted on a rotation cycle, it belongs here. If it is multiple species or enrichment plantings in a quasi-natural system, it belongs in 5.3 Logging & Wood Harvesting.
Examples:
2.3 Livestock Farming & Ranching
Definition: Domestic terrestrial animals raised in one location on farmed or non-local resources (farming); also domestic or semi-domesticated animals allowed to roam in the wild and supported by natural habitats (ranching)
Exposition: In farming, animals are kept in captivity; in ranching they are allowed to roam in wild habitats. If a few animals are mixed in a subsistence cropping system, it belong in 2.1 Annual & Perennial Non-Timber Crops. Forage of wild resources for stall-fed animals falls under 5.2 Gathering Terrestrial Plants.
Examples:
2.4 Marine & Freshwater Aquaculture
Definition: Aquatic animals raised in one location on farmed or non-local resources; also hatchery fish allowed to roam in the wild
Exposition: Farmed animals are kept in captivity; hatchery fish are put into wild habitats and are the aquatic equivalent of terrestrial ranching.
Examples: